五重职事：建立荣耀的教会Five Ministries: Building a Glorious Church
弗Eph. 4:11-12祂所赐的有使徒,有先知,有传福音的,有牧师和教师,为要成全圣徒,各尽其职,建立基督的身体。The gifts he gave were that some would be apostles, some prophets, some evangelists, some pastors and teachers, 12 to equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ.
保罗在以弗所书 4:12-16论及五重职事对建立基督身体（教会）的重要性:
1）成全圣徒，各尽其职。（12节）
2）使在真道归一，认识神，长大成人，满有基督 (13节）
3）不中诡计，不被摇动（14节）
4）有爱心，长进，紧连基督（15节）
5）各按各职，发挥功用，彼此相助，身体增长，己得建立（16节）
这一切的造就与成全，目的是建立一个荣耀的教会，毫无玷污皱纹的病，乃是圣洁没有瑕疵的，可献给主耶稣基督，作祂荣耀的新妇（参弗5:27，启19:7-8），而这一切的造就，皆在五重职事彼此的配搭与运作中产生。
In Ephesians 4:12-16, Paul talked about the importance of the fivefold ministry for the establishment of the body of Christ (church):
1) To equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ (v. 12)
2) All of us come to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to maturity, to the measure of the full stature of Christ. (v. 13)
3) Not by people’s trickery, by their craftiness in deceitful scheming (v. 14)
4) Grow up in every way into Christ who is the head (v. 15)
5) Joined and knit together by every ligament with which it is equipped, as each part is working properly, promotes the body’s growth in building itself up in love. (v. 16)
All this edification and perfection is aimed at building a glorious church, free from blemishes and wrinkles, but holy and without blemishes, and can be dedicated to the Lord Jesus Christ as His glorious bride (cf. Eph. 5:27, Rev. 19:7-8), and all these accomplishments are produced in the coordination and operation of the five ministries.
让我们特别来看使徒职事的定义与重要性，并与其他职事的配合。使徒一字原文是奉差遣者的意思，主耶稣被天父差遣来到地上，可算是新约时代第一位使徒，更是最大的使徒。“同蒙天召的圣洁弟兄啊！ 你们应该想耶稣，就是作使徒…”（来3:1 新译本）。此外，像保罗，耶稣的兄弟雅各（加1:19），巴拿巴（徒14:3-4,14），西拉（帖前 1:1，2:6）安多尼古与犹尼亚（罗16:7）。从基督的生命与事奉中，可看出教会使徒职分的特点：
Let us look specifically at the definition and importance of the ministry of the apostle, and its coordination with other ministries. The word apostle in the original text means the one who was sent. The Lord Jesus was sent to the earth by the Father. He can be regarded as the first apostle in the New Testament era, and even the greatest apostle. “Therefore, brothers and sisters, holy partners in a heavenly calling, consider that Jesus, the apostle and high priest of our confession” (Heb. 3:1). Also, like Paul, Jesus' brother James (Gal. 1:19), Barnabas (Acts 14:3-4, 14), Silas (1 Thess. 1:1, 2: 6), and Andronicus and Junia (Romans 16:7) were all apostles. From the life and ministry of Christ, we can see the characteristics of the church's apostleship:
一、建立根基1. Establish a foundation
主耶稣是教会的房角石，灵盘石（弗2:20,林前10:4），是普世新约教会的盘石根基，教会因祂而出，并靠祂而立（提前2:5 ,6，弗4:16）。同样使徒奉差遣不单有传福音的恩赐（如宣教士missionary与福音使者 evangelist），更是能拓建教会，为教会，奠下稳固教义，异象，生命与组织的“根基” “我照神所给我的恩，好像一个聪明的工头，立好了根基，别人在上面建造”（林前3:10），“并且被建造在使徒和先知的根基上”（弗2:20），因此，察验使徒真伪重要的试金石乃是看他是否有建立稳固并信仰纯正的教会，如马丁路德创立路得会，约翰韦斯利创立循理会等。
The Lord Jesus is the corner stone of the church, the spiritual rock (Eph. 2:20, 1 Cor. 10:4); He is the foundation of the universal New Testament church. The church came out of Him and was built on him (1 Tim. 2:5, 6, Eph. 4:16). In the same way, the apostles are sent not only to have the gift of evangelism (such as missionary and evangelist), but also to expand the church and lay a solid doctrine, vision, life, and organization for the church. “According to the grace of God given to me, like a skilled master builder I laid a foundation, and someone else is building on it. Each builder must choose with care how to build on it.” (1 Cor. 3:10), “built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus himself as the cornerstone” (Eph. 2:20).Therefore,the important touchstone for testing the authenticity of the apostle is to see whether he has established a stable and pure church, such as Martin Luther founded the Lutheran Church, and John Wesley founded the Methodist Church.
二、为父的心2. The heart of being a father
为父的心乃是爱每一个儿女，并致力成全他们，希望他们能青出于蓝。主耶稣劝勉门徒说：“我所作的事，信我的人也要作，并且要作比这更大的事”（约14:12），同样使徒保罗，满有为父的心，多心鼓励提携他属灵的儿子提摩太: “我儿提摩太阿，我照从前指着你的预言，将这命令交托你，叫你因此可以打那美好的仗。”(提前1:18) 。教会有使徒为父的心恩赐，能消除信徒间或教会间争竞与嫉妒的心，并促进彼此祝福与成全帮助的心。
The heart of being a father is to love every child and strive to perfect them, hoping that they will excel their predecessors. The Lord Jesus exhorted the disciples: “Very truly, I tell you, the one who believes in me will also do the works that I do and, in fact, will do greater works than these.” (John 14:12). Similarly, the apostle Paul was full of a father’s heart, and heencouraged his spiritual son Timothy: “I am giving you these instructions, Timothy, my child, in accordance with the prophecies made earlier about you, so that by following them you may fight the good fight” (1 Timothy 1: 18). The church has the gift of the apostle as a father, which can eliminate the conflict and jealousy among believers or churches, and promote each other's blessing and perfecting and helping each other.
三、从神直接领受异象与启示3. Directly receive visions and revelations from God
“我在祂那里所听见的，我就传给世人…我没有一件事是凭着自己作的，我说这些话,乃是父所教训我的。”（约8:26,28）主耶稣所传所教训与所作的，都是从父所听所领受的。彼得在约帕领受异象，勇敢的将福音传到哥尼流全家。保罗一生没有违背“那从天上来的异象”，把福音传于外邦，并领受马其顿的异象，把福音传于欧洲（徒26:19,16 : 9-10）。保罗领受神的启示，坚称外邦人得救，不必行割礼，乃因信称义（徒15:1-5,罗5:1）。在教会历史中，马丁路得领受罗马书的启示高举因信称义的真理，约翰韦斯利高举成圣的真理等。
“I declare to the world what I have heard from him… I do nothing on my own, but I speak these things as the Father instructed me.” (John 8:26,28), What the Lord Jesus preached, taught, and did were all heard and received from the Father. Peter received a vision in Joppa and bravely spread the gospel to Cornelius's family. Paul never violated " the heavenly vision", preaching the gospel to the Gentiles, receiving the Macedonian vision, and preaching the gospel to Europe (Acts 26:19,16: 9-10). Paul received God’s revelation and insisted that Gentiles were saved without circumcision, but justified by faith (Acts 15:1-5, Romans 5:1). In the history of the church, Martin Luther received the revelation of Romans and exalted the truth of justification by faith, and John Wesley emphasized the truth of sanctification.
四、有国度、教会合一的异象4. A vision of the unity of the kingdom and the church
主耶稣在与门徒分离的祷告，四次为教会的合一祷告“保守他们，叫他们合而为一，像我们一样…使他们都合而为一 …使他们合而为一，像我们合而为一。我在他们里面，你在我里面，使他们完完全全的合而为一。”（约17:11-23）使徒们在耶路撒冷开第一次大会，在持守真理与持守合一的双轨原则下，不坚持外邦人要守割礼，却从圣灵智慧巧妙的把禁戒“勒死的牲畜和血”（属食物礼仪律法，参利17: 10-11）的条例放在吩咐里，兼顾到守摩西律法的犹太基督徒软弱的良心，目的是为了“合一”。保罗与巴拿巴把安提阿教会的捐项送给耶路撒冷教会，不单单是爱心的见证，更是为了教会的合一。
The Lord Jesus was praying for separation from his disciples, praying four times for the unity of the church, “protect them, so that they may be one, as we are one…they may all be one… they may be one, as we are one, I in them and you in me, that they may become completely one.” (John 17:11-23) The apostles held their first assembly in Jerusalem, keeping the truth. Under the dual-track principle of unity, the Jewish Christians did not insist on circumcision for the Gentiles, but from the wisdom of the Holy Spirit, they simply placed the prohibition on "strangled animals and blood" (the food law, see Lev. 17: 10-11). In the command, the weak conscience of Jewish Christians who obeyed the Law of Moses was taken into consideration for the purpose of unity. Also, Paul and Barnabas gave the donations from the Antioch church to the Jerusalem church not only as a testimony of love, but also for the unity of the church.
五、能带出“道路、真理、生命” 5. Bring out "the way, the truth, and the life"
主耶稣是“道路、真理、生命”（约14:6），祂是通天的道路（约1:51），是真理（道）的化身（约1:14），是赐生命的主（约1:4,10:10）。同样，使徒能带出与耶稣类等的功能。在道路方面，使徒奠定与持定教会应走的道路与目标，并有能力推动着整个教会朝此道路目标迈进（例如宣教、圣经教导、圣洁、合一相爱的目标）。在真理方面，有清晰的看见，抵挡异端的错误，是真理的舵手，保守教会不偏离教义真理的航道。在生命方面，他有负担与恩赐带来信徒生命的更新与复兴。主耶稣是最大的使徒，也是最大的先知，最伟大的福音使者，大牧人与伟大的教师。主耶稣集教会五重职事于一身，成为每一职份的好榜样，并显明这五重职份的合一性与配搭性。教会的建造与发展需要五重职份彼此的配合与运作，如同在耶稣身上配合运作一样。
The Lord Jesus is "the way, the truth, and the life" (John 14:6). He is the way to heaven (John 1:51), the incarnation of the truth (John 1:14), and the life-giving Lord (John 1:4,10:10). Similarly, the apostle can bring out the analogous function of Jesus. In terms of roads, the apostles lay and hold on to the path and goals the church should take, and have the ability to push the entire church toward this path goal (for example, missions, biblical teaching, holiness, unity, and love). In terms of truth, the apostle has a clear vision, resists errors of heresy, is the helmsman of truth, and keeps the church from deviating from the path of doctrine and truth. In terms of life, he has burdens and gifts to bring about the renewal and revival of believers' lives. The Lord Jesus is the greatest apostle, prophet, gospel messenger, pastor, and great teacher. The Lord Jesus brings together the five-fold ministry of the church and becomes a good example for each ministry, demonstrating the unity, and compatibility of these five-fold ministry. The construction and development of the church requires the cooperation and operation of all five, just like the cooperation and operation of the body of Jesus.
按 Ralph Mahoney 的教导五重职事乃「神大能的手」（彼前5:6），这大能的手 : 拇指是使徒（to govern 定下治理建造蓝图），食指是先知（to guide 指明方向，道路），中指是传福音（to gather 招聚羊群），环指是牧师（to guard 看守牧养羊群），尾指是教师（to ground 圣经扎根）。
According to Ralph Mahoney’s teaching, the five-fold ministry is the "powerful hand of God" (1 Peter 5:6). In this powerful hand, the thumb is the apostle who supplies the blueprint for governance and construction, and the index finger is the prophet who guidesand points out the direction of the way, the middle finger is the evangelistwho gathers, the ring finger is the pastor who guards, and the little finger is the teacher who guides people to be grounded in the Bible.
先知的职份恩赐是作先知讲道，用圣经神的话造就、安慰、劝勉信徒，好装备信徒预备打属灵的仗（林前14:8），并领受神信息，因时制宜，制定争战策略，方向，事工重点与方法，多次多方，以求达到与完成使徒所厘定的异象与目标。
The gift of a prophet is to speak prophecy, using the words of God in the Bible to educate, comfort, and exhort believers, so as to equip them to prepare for spiritual warfare (1 Cor. 14:8), and to receive God’s message.The strategy, direction, focus and methods of the ministry were used in many ways to achieve and complete the visions and goals set by the apostle.
福音使者传福音，寻找迷失的羊，把羊带进教会，交给牧师牧养，辅导，除去生命生活的软弱与难处，使之能健康成长。
The evangelists preached the gospel, looked for the lost sheep, brought them into the church, and gave them to the pastor to shepherd and counsel, removed the weakness and difficulties in life, and enable them to grow healthily.
教师以系统活用的方式教导全本圣经真理，使信徒进深认识神，认识神的旨意，事奉的原则，与生活处事待人的真理。
Teachers teach the truth of the entire Bible in a systematic and practical way, so that believers can gain a deeper understanding of God, the will of God, the principles of service, and the truth about dealing with others in life.
在此末世，深信神在各处复兴五重职事的恩膏，不单教会中兴起使徒，先知，传福音，牧师与教师的职份，更要兴起更多弟兄姊妹或多或少有五重职事的恩赐，对教会有异象，有为父的心，有先知讲道恩赐，有牧养辅导恩赐，个人传福音恩赐与教导圣经的恩赐，大家同心合意建造主荣耀的教会，迎见主耶稣新郎再来!
In these last days, I am convinced that God’s anointing of the fivefold ministry of revival is not only to raise up apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors, and teachers in the church, but also to raise up more brothers and sisters in accordance with more or less fivefold ministry. The gift of ministry has a vision for the church, a heart of being a father, gifts of prophecy, shepherding and counseling, personal evangelism and teaching the Bible.
面对今日许多教会的软弱与不增长，我们不禁要问，为什么使徒时代的教会能如此增长复兴?我深信其中一个重要的原因就是教会照着神的心意，在“五重职事”的运作下，得着完美的建造！Faced with the weakness and non-growth of many churches today, we can’t help but ask why the church in the apostolic era could grow and revive so much. I am convinced that one of the important reasons is that the church was in accordance with God’s will in the fivefold ministry. Under the operation of fivefold ministries, the church will again have a perfect construction!